Articles of joints is a complex dystrophic disease associated with the destruction of cartilage tissues within the joints.This pathological process is the most common disease of the joints around the world.Article is manifested by pain, morning stiffness and limitation of mobility.The gradual development of symptoms is typical, however, the rate of disease growth may be different.
The diagnosis is based on the results of the analogous, clinical examination and radiography.The treatment of articulation is usually conservative: exercise treatment, anti -inflammatory drugs, physiology, exclusion, etc.
We will consider in more detail what this disease is and how to deal with it, we will further examine the article.
What is arthritis?
Arthritis is degenerative changes in the structure of the joints, which are accompanied by pain and visible deformation.The second name of the disease, which is used in international classification - osteoaria.
The disease is characterized by slow progress, although it can be accelerated by certain external factors.It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body, the human illness and the method of vital activity.
According to statistics, arthritis is ill with 6.5-12% of the planet's population.Mostly people over 65 years (62-85% of cases) suffer.There is a tendency to "rejuvenate" the pathology: in various countries about 30-35% of patients are people aged 45-65 years and 2-3% of 20-45 years.
People who are little familiar with medicine believe that arthritis and arthritis are one and the same.In fact, this is not the case, because in the first case the disease is acute inflammatory and in the second - a long, less intense chronic.
Type
The wording of the arthritis diagnosis may be different, although the essence of the disease is the same.Most of the time, the questions and misunderstanding of patients are associated with various terms of the articulation:
- Arthriticritis is a classic arthritis, in which an inflammatory process is pronounced.
- Osteo -arctionism is absolutely the same as arthritis.
- District (Osteo -Arrival) - SO - called delayed stages of the disease, which are manifested by deformation and closure of the joint.
- Copper - shortened term that suggests hip joint damage.
- The knee is a shortened term that means "arthritis of the knee joint".
- Spinalorthosis is the damage to the arthritis of the small joints of the spine.
There are many varieties of this disease.Sorting can occur on the basis of identifying the affected areas and depending on the causes of the disease.
Types of articulation depending on detection:
- Knee
- Hip joints
- Cervical
- Brachial
- Hands and fingers
- Spine
- Ankle
- Primary multiostrintics
Depending on the number of joints involved, the following varieties are distinguished:
- Monorate.
- Oligioarthria - no more than 2 joints are affected.
- Multiplexation - participates from 3 articular groups.
The degree of damage to the joint
| Articulation | Symptoms |
| 1 grade | The first stage of the opted - there are no severe morphological changes, only the synthesis of the synovial fluid is disturbed.The supply liquid worse in cartilage with nutrients, the cartilage resistance to conventional loads is reduced.Due to the overload of the articular surfaces, inflammation occurs, the pain occurs. |
| 2 degrees | The joint is destroyed.They are formed osteophytically.Pain during loads and movement becomes stronger, sounds a characteristic crisis in affected positions. |
| 3 degrees | This is the most serious stage of development of this disease.There is a pathological change in the locations of the painful joints.Inflammation happens.The patient feels rigorous when moving, as the muscles cannot be fully shrunk and fulfill their functions. |
Reasons
The formation of the opted is facilitated by two causes - the load and absence of full nutrition that provides vitamins, metals for tissue recovery.Each person's joints carry a load.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, load on their feet is bigger, which means that bone joints arrive faster and require high quality diet.In a calm lifestyle, the support device arrives slower, but it also requires periodic renewal of fabrics.
Primary arthritis
This type is more commonly associated with innate inferiority and cartilage voltage in damage and destruction as a result of metabolic disorders.The most common causes that cause this disease:
- Hereditary and genetics.
- menopause;
- Frequent and, at first glance, minor injuries (for example, among athletes).
Secondary arthritis
The secondary type deforms more frequently and progresses in the context of reducing cartilage stability in ordinary load.The development of this pathology is facilitated by:
- injuries;
- portliness;
- weakness of the ligaments and muscles.
- arthritis.
With age, the predisposition to the disease increases.After 70 years, article is diagnosed with every second pensioner.Since the maximum load falls on the feet (a person moves - walks, stands, runs, jumps), then it is here that the first signs are formed.
Signs and symptoms of articulation
Article belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Sometimes the disease can be leaked subtle for years, only occasionally reminiscent of joint pain in the joint or embarrassing movement.But it also happens that the disease develops rapidly at a serious stage in just a few months.
In any case, it is important to remember, if you do not treat the disease, its symptoms will increase over time, worsening the quality of life and in severe cases - leading to disability and immobilization.
Symptoms with arthritis arthritis:
- Pain.The painful sensations with arthritis are pronounced, especially after various types of loads.When a person comes into a state of peace, after a while, the unpleasant senses disappear.Pain detection occurs directly at the place where changes have been made to the usual body structures.In some cases, arthritis pain can occur when a person rests, it is completely loose.They look very abrupt and intense, which can be compared to dental pain.Most of the time this happens in the morning.
- The second sign of articulation is a crisis, but you should not confuse this symptom with the usual joint clicks, which is in almost every person and does not bring discomfort.A crisis in the disease is characterized by gross and dry sound, bringing pain and severe discomfort.With the development of the disease, the symptom becomes more and more distinct and painful.
- Reduce the mobility of the joint.It is also considered one of the characteristic symptoms of the articles, but it is already seen in the stage of active development of the disease.During the development of articulation, the growth/vegetation of bone tumor occurs, leading to muscle tissue convulsions, reducing the lumen in the joint bag - the restriction of movement in this place is guaranteed.
- Common deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that osteophytics grow on the bone surface and reaches the synovial fluid.Although deformation is one of the last symptoms, when the article has hit the joint to a large extent.
- Changes in muscle tone.Initially, especially with severe pain, the piatic muscles are reflective tense.In the future, as motor activity is lost, muscle atrophy.
- Skin events.An optional sign.In the early stages, it is possible to reddish the skin in the projection of the joint.In the future, as arthroperia and muscle atrophy evolve, the skin becomes pale, becomes dry, colored.
| The joints that articulation most often affect: | Less often suffered: |
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Complications
If article does not provide proper attention, over time and not to deal with properly, this can lead not only to the complete destruction of abuse, but also to a change in the industrial spine, which makes her hernias in the intervertebral discs and the development of arthritis.
The risk of premature treatment of any type of articles lies in the complications associated with it, negative consequences:
- The inflammatory joints are deformed and gradually destroyed.
- Movements become limited, the mobility of the joints is partially or completely limited.
- The spine is disturbed.
- Hernias interdiscount are created.
- Neuralgia develops.
- The standard of living of the patient with arthritis decreases.
- The person is turned off.
Diagnosis
First of all, they are trying to see structural changes in the affected areas to evaluate their seriousness and prevalence.Also, metabolic disorders in the body should also be determined, which have become a favorable background for the appearance of the articulation.Therefore, all of the survey consists of the following events:
- Radiography.
- Magnetic resonance imaging.
- Ultrasound study.
- Arthroscopy.
- Biochemical blood tests (hormonal spectrum, inflammation markers, calcium metabolism, rheumaton).
Given the radiological characteristics, experts in the field of orthopedics and traumatic distinguish the following stages of articulation (Kellgren-Lawrence classification):
- Stage 1 (doubtful arthritis) - suspicion of stenosis of the joint gap, osteophytes are absent or available in a small amount.
- Stage 2 (soft) - Candidate for stenosis of the joint gap, the osteophytes are clearly defined.
- Stage 3 (moderate) - a clear narrowing of the joint gap, there are clearly expressed osteophytics, bone deformations are possible.
- Stage 4 (severe arthritis) - a severe narrowing of the joint gap, large osteophytes, severe bone deformation and osteosclerosis.
Note: The course of the disease under consideration is very slow and in the first stage it may not be characterized by any symptoms at all and the inconsistent joint pain and increased fatigue can be inherent even in healthy people with great physical activity.Therefore, the independent diagnosis of articulation is almost impossible.
How to cure joint joints
Authorities for the treatment of articulation:
- Eliminate excessive loads on the joints.
- Treatment with anti -inflammatory and analgesic pills.Also, in complex treatment, chondroprotectors are actively used for arthritis.
- Physiotherapy Physical Education.
- treatment with a sanatorium;
- Magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, impact ripple therapy.
- Intra -Armonic Oxygen Therapy.
- Intraosseous Blocking;
- It is important to choose the right diet for arthritis.
Drug methods
How to cure arthritis with drugs?This issue is the most common among patients.Treatment is performed using three groups of medicines:
- Coarse Protectors.The medicines of this group restore the glass cartilage, as they contain the ingredients that are part of it.It is recommended by all patients in the form of long-term paper (3-4 months lessons 2 times a year).Use tablets and capsules.
- Hormonal corticosteroids.This group of medicines is more effective during the period of articulation deterioration.Most often there are intramuscular injections.But a similar category of drugs in pharmacies is also represented in the form of fins, ointments - used only externally, you can expect a fairly fast and powerful result.
- The use of non -specific anti -inflammatory drugs in order to reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
- Injections.Injection drugs stop the pain quickly, reduce active symptoms.The intramuscular, intramuscular or endogenous administration of the drug should only be performed by a medical worker.These funds are not able to save the patient from the cause of the development of the disease, but to effectively reduce their negative manifestations.
Other medicines for the treatment of articulation are used by medicines:
- improvement of blood in the joints;
- Improvement of oxygen joints - "B" vitamins.
- acting in metabolism in the cartilage.
- desensitizing factors that reduce body reactivity.
- Synthetic hormones of the adrenal glands.
Surgical treatment
Surgical methods involve two ways to solve the problem:
- Arthroscopy is a business conducted in a painful joint.Through the puncture, a special needle is introduced, which removes the damaged areas and polishes the affected area.
- Prosthetic is a complex business, which consists of removing damaged joints and integrating a young man.Modern orthopedics came out very forward, releasing new, improved intentions that are rarely rejected by the body and their deterioration does not cause discomfort.
Exercise treatment for arthritis
Medical Physical Education is used for arthritis at the subacute stage.The main duties of exercise therapy:
- orthopedic correction (elimination of defects of affected extremities).
- Reduce static load on the joints.
- Improve the mobility of the joint or prevention of its deterioration.
Digoen gymnastics and a series of exercises for grinding muscles and joints are performed.Exercises for the affected joints are performed in a lying position on the side or back, sitting.They alternate with breathing exercises that help relax the muscles.The patient performs movements in the affected joint independently or with the help of a trainer.
During the classes, the appearance of pain should not be allowed.Exercises are performed slowly and only after the elimination of acute symptoms.Sudden and large width movements should be avoided, which can cause unpleasant sensations.
Physical education should be involved in the supervision of a doctor and after acquiring the necessary skills, you can start home exercises.
Physiotherapy and manual treatment
The use of these treatment methods gives very good results in the early stages of articulation.
- Manual treatment should only be performed by an experienced physician who has been proven to treat articular pathologies.For example, in the treatment of knee joint arthritis, manual therapy, along with extract of the limb, intra -business injections and chondropr protectorates can quickly put the patient on his feet.
- Physiotherapy is used as an auxiliary treatment to accelerate the rehabilitation period.Their main purpose is to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.Such procedures such as: laser and cryotherapy, heat treatment- ozketto, mud baths, paraffin treatment and UOFS are widely used.
Diet and diet
The arthritis diet is aimed at correcting metabolic processes, body weight, preventing irreversible changes in the hyaline cartilage of the joints, reducing inflammatory process and enhancing the joints of the joints.There is no special diet with articulations.The following principles are based on therapeutic diet:
- Foods must be normal and balanced with high content of vitamins and minerals.The energy value of the diet for patients with normal weight should correspond to the average value of daily energy consumption and not exceed it.
- The use of salt is limited to 5-8 g/day, as well as salted products (salt, canned foods, chips, salted fish).
- The use of free liquid should be increased to 2-2.5 l/day.
- It is necessary to exclude the processing of products using the frying.Foods should be baked, steam, cook or cook.
- You have to go to a frequent, fractional diet.
- Foods should be taken in small portions, which will exclude over -consumption and weight gain.
By article, the use of a hard extreme diet is prohibited.Since in this type of diet the body eliminates a large amount of fluid, which, in turn, rinses calcium and potassium from the bones and joints.
Useful products:
- Fish and seafood, nuts, flax, as an omega source - 3.
- Low meat and jelly.
- Products rich in vitamin E, D, C, A and Groups B. These are fresh fruits, vegetables and berries.It is especially useful for use: beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, raspberries, legumes, bananas, oranges, apples and whole grains.
- Ginger and other spices.
- Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.
- Useful fresh juices.
Forbidden products:
- Fast foods, sausage products, semi -finished products, chips and all refined products.
- Fat meat.
- SDOBA, white bread, sugar.
- Fat dairy products, salty cheeses.
- Mayonnaise, transgenic fats.
- White rice, semolina.
- Marinades, maintenance, salt.
- Alcohol, energy, soda.
Popular methods
Before using any folk remedies for arthritis, be sure to consult your treating doctor.
- Put juniper's nettle and berries in a homogeneous mass.Sign in with 1: 3 butter. To relieve the pain, rub the painful joints up to 3 times a day.
- The roots, flowers or branches of a black elderberry.Pour 1 tablespoon.Spoons of raw materials with 1 glass of boiling water.Insist, wrap, 3 hours, then stem.Drink 1/4 cup up to 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
- Boil 10 g of bay leaf in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Leave for five hours.Drink from time to time in small sips all day long.We face three days, we rest for five, then we face three days.
- Mustard compression with honey.Mix mustard powder with honey and add an egg.Put the resulting ointment in the gauze and apply to the painful spot.
- Complex compression.Cut the cabbage cut into pieces slightly and pass through the juicer.Moisture of natural tissue wool in the juice and adhere to the painful spot.
- A series is another excellent treatment for the treatment of the articles.Boil in 250 ml of boiling water 2 large tablespoons of a row.After 20 minutes, the decoction is ready.Take 2 spoons three times a day before meals.The course is 30 days.
- The ointment of chamomile, calendula and burdock treats the pain well, relieves inflammation.To prepare it, you should mix in equal quantities of chamomile, calendula, burdock root, connect herbs to oil jelly and leave for 1-2 days.Use the ointment for severe pain up to 5 times a day.
- In boiling water, put the equal parts of the willow bark, birch and calendula flowers.Boil the mixture for 10 minutes, then allow to make the same amount under the lid.You have to take a cooling decrease 200 ml half an hour before meals.
Prevention
In a reduction in the risk of articulation, the following moments play an important role:
- to get rid of extra pounds.
- Treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies.
- Active movement throughout life.
- Proper nutrition (diet, balanced diet)?
- Avoiding the hypothermia of the joint;
- A healthy lifestyle with the right status.